Which of the following is a commonly accepted argument against free trade?

One of the commonly accepted arguments against free trade is that under protectionism, new industries can be sheltered from international competition. This argument is based on the idea that by implementing tariffs or quotas on foreign goods, a country can nurture and develop its emerging industries. By providing these industries with a protective buffer from established global competitors, the country aims to give them the time and resources needed to grow, innovate, and become competitive in the world market.

This concept is particularly relevant for developing nations that may not have the same level of technological advancement or capital as more established economies. Protectionist measures can allow these countries to build their industrial base, create jobs, and ultimately enhance their economic independence. Proponents of this view argue that without such protection, nascent industries might struggle to survive against larger, more efficient foreign companies that can easily dominate the market.

In contrast, the other options highlight the positive aspects of free trade — lower prices and greater variety for consumers, along with the promotion of innovation and efficiency — which underscore the benefits that come from reducing trade barriers. These factors generally support the idea that free trade can lead to overall economic growth and consumer advantages; however, proponents of protectionism focus on the strategic benefits that sheltered industries may offer in certain contexts.