When a country opens its markets and begins to specialize, what is expected?

When a country opens its markets and begins to specialize, it typically leverages the concept of comparative advantage, where resources are allocated to produce goods and services that can be generated more efficiently compared to other goods. This specialization allows the country to produce at lower costs and improves overall productivity, leading to increased exports and economic growth.

The expected outcome is that the overall benefits, such as increased efficiency, economic growth, and consumer welfare, exceed the overall costs associated with the transition, which might include short-term disruptions in certain sectors. This reflects a net gain for the country as a whole, despite the fact that some specific industries may face challenges during the adjustment process.

In comparison, while it's true that certain industries might benefit more than others, or that some sectors may suffer, this does not negate the overall positive impact on national welfare from specialization and trade. Additionally, a change in national income is generally expected due to increased economic activity, and while unemployment might rise temporarily in some industries as they adapt, it doesn't reflect the holistic benefit of specialization and market openness.